Exterminate = kill enemies to finish mission, the 3 starter warframes are just enough to do this.
Capture = kill specific enemy to finish mission, the 3 starter warframes are just enough to do this.
Rescue = move fast, solve mini challenge to finish mission, killing enemies are optional, just Loki is enough.
Defend = kill waves of enemies to get to next wave, the 3 starter warframes are just enough to do this.
Survival = kill enemies to stay alive, just Loki is enough, enemies can't kill you if you stay invisible.
Disruption = kill enemies to get loot, just Loki is enough actually, infinite survivabily, fast movement.
Defection = kill enemies to keep VIPs safe, just Saryn is enough.
Excavation = kill enemies to keep the drill running, Limbo is best for this.
Only 1 mission which does not require you to kill, and it's Spy. just use Loki and move fast.
Now try to apply your exact same question to the so many warframes, weapons, gears, and other stuff if the missions are basically "to kill", "to move fast", and "to survive"