Well, the patchnotes say that the drop chance booster doubles "the chance to get gems". It doesn't mention anything about giving more gems per vein or making rare gems more common. And as you can see in the video RobWasHere linked, the booster does also result in more common gems, not just rare ones.
Why exactly DE decided to do it this way is something only they know, we can just guess. Since both the rarity and the amount of ores/gems you get from a vein is affected by how good your timing was during the minigame, it might have just been easier to do it this way, I don't know. But also, because the normal resource booster already makes you get more stuff per vein, just having the drop chance booster do the same thing would've been a bit weird. And looking through the Wiki it seems like the rare gems are mostly used for cosmetics, most equipment just uses the normal and uncommon ones, so maybe they thought that players wouldn't find a booster that specifically gives more rare gems as useful. Those are just some random guesses though, only DE could really explain the reason it works the way it does.